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Schematic representation of different types of nanomaterials employed in cancer therapy, their important physical properties and surface chemistry required to carry drugs. Recently, nanotechnology and nanoparticles have attracted great interest in cancer therapeutics as they can provide improved and targeted drug delivery systems to overcome the drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy. J. Nanomed. Epub 2015 Mar 23. Similarly, pH sensitive liposomes have also proved to be effective in increasing the drug accumulation in resistant tumor cells and are potent drug carriers that can overcome multidrug resistance. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous silica nanomaterials toward cancer cells overexpressing CD44 receptor was enhanced with IC50 of 0.56g/mL whereas; the normal cells showed lower cytotoxicity with the IC50of 1.03g/mL [225]. 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Further, antibodies, small proteins, peptides, nucleic acid-based ligands, aptamers, small molecules, and oligosaccharides are used as targeting ligands [134,135,136,137,138,139]. Int. Apart from iron oxide nanoparticles several other metal oxide nanoparticles have been constructed and used for imaging, and drug delivery applications [165, 189,190,191]. Oncol. Proc. Nevertheless, it is essential to choose the right type of ligand for improvedand efficient targeting of the tumor cells. Current standards of care combine precise staging of cancer with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgical resection. Healthc. Acta Biomater. Nano Converg. Such nanorobots can create almost anything without the need to destroy the forest and buy oil from the foreign countries. Mater. Blood-based liquid biopsy: insights into early detection, prediction, and treatment monitoring of bladder cancer. Cancer is one of the primary diseases that threaten human lives. Pattni, V.V. Pharm. Natl. 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ACS Appl. The accumulation of the nanocarriers is essentiallydepends on physicochemical properties such as size, shape (morphology), surface charge and surface chemistry [32]. Mater. Sci. The development of nanotechnology is based on the usage of small molecular structures and particles as tools for delivering drugs. These attractive properties along with low toxicity have enabled the nanomedicine research community to use organic nanomaterials as drug delivery vehicles to target specific tissues and controlled release of the drug molecules. Eur. The table illustrates the type of inorganic nanomaterial used as nanocarrier, the explicit drug loaded on the carrier and the cancer cells. b Prussian blue staining of cells incubated for 4h with different treatments at 20g/mL of iron equivalent dose. Release 174, 98108 (2014), S. Lakkadwala, J. Singh, Dual functionalized 5-fluorouracil liposomes as highly efficient nanomedicine for glioblastoma treatment as assessed in an in vitro brain tumor model. Thus, it is imperative to develop effective formulations that can address the above cited challenges and provide selective targeting of tumor sites without significant damage to the viability of healthy tissues [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. -. The authors have suggested that the antitumor effect of the surface modified docetaxel loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles resulted from the targeted delivery to HepG2 cells [269]. Chem. 2023 Apr 4;28(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00442-z. [224], utilized hollow mesoporous silica nanomaterials to release doxorubicin to HeLa cells in an acidic environment exhibiting anticancer effect with good biocompatibility. Pharm. Biogenic Ag nanoparticles can be employed against prostate and colon cancer. Also, several nanoplatforms have already been developed to release the cargos in response to various stimuli, offering multifunctionality and specificity. J. Pharm. Am. Werner et al., Folate-targeted nanoparticle delivery of chemo- and radiotherapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Rev. 2) [32]. 2019 Dec;33(6):1071-1093. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.08.002.

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