Geography, of course, does not drive religious belief. Scholars of religious studies tend anachronistically to think of historical religious communities in the region as being theologically distinct from one another. Mountain ranges protect China's southwest borders while the Gobi Desert in the West and North. With more than 4,000 years of recorded history, China is one of the few existing countries that also flourished economically and culturally in the earliest stages of world civilization. However, cultural influences do not just change the external shape of religion. That is because a traditional world religions perspective of these figures understood the figures only in isolation, uprooted from their local settings, and separated from their local communities. How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia,in the Indian subcontinent and in China? The East Sea is north of Taiwan and on the very east coast of China. 223 lessons. The official language of China is Mandarin, or putonghua, meaning ordinary language or common language. There are three variants of MandarinBeijing, Chengdu, and Nanjing. In India the himalayan mountains to north protected from invasions until the Mongols occupied some of the subcontinent territories. The Storm-Gods of the Ancient Near East: Summary, Synthesis, Recent Studies Part One, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 7, no. Fimbulwinter consists of three consecutive winters with no intervening summers, during which time snow comes from all directions and most of the living world dies of the cold. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. 2b. Religion can influence the culture of an entire community, nation, or region of the world. China, which has the largest population of any country in the world, is composed of diverse ethnic and linguistic groups. By Erica Ferg And these motifs extend even further back in time. Omissions? Georgic Cults and Saints of the Levant. In Numen, 16, Fasc. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Geography, and the geological and climatological characteristics that are thereby derived, have a significant effect upon the daily life and needs of people. The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category. In Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam, 2754. 3c. The second tropical rainforest is the Xishuangbanna in the Yunnan Province, located on the southwest tip of China. The surrounding desert, mountains, and seas created natural barriers which protected the Ancient Chinese civilization from outside invaders. Returning to the major example of this article, the characteristics shared by Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir in the Eastern Mediterranean long have been considered peculiar when those figures were studied solely as products of their respective religious traditions; i.e., when they were studied from within a world religions paradigm. The father and the son.b. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Hence, religions like Buddhism and Sikhism spread within these civilizations. Despite similar characteristics between Baal-Hadad, Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir, and the fact that, for at least the past 800 years, local agricultural communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, Druze, Alawites, and others have venerated and often conjoined these figures, outside of the Eastern Mediterranean, the linkages between these figures previously were unable to be seen. As a result, it is difficult for many to imagine that many religions can peacefully coexist within a single society. The South Sea is south of Taiwan along the southeast coast of China. Science, Math & Metallurgy in Early India, Ancient China Lesson for Kids: Money & Economy, Religion in Ancient China: Lesson for Kids, Geography of Ancient India | Climate, Landforms & Rivers. in American Studies, the study of American history/society/culture. China is the worlds largest producer of rice and is among the principal sources of wheat, corn (maize), tobacco, soybeans, peanuts (groundnuts), and cotton. Shanghai is the main industrial city; Hong Kong is the leading commercial centre and port. 1 God in ___ persons.a. Regis University Author of, University Professor Emeritus of History and Sociology, University of Pittsburgh. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Answer: West Asia's geography was perfect for the spread of the three religions since there are many civilizations around the area. However, politics is also marked by conflict. That is, texts, images, and sites can be thought of like artifacts that can tell us a great deal about the societies in which they were produced. This conclusion lies at the heart of liberalism, an ideology that emerged in response to the religious wars of the 1500s and 1600s. 2010. Everest being the highest peak. China, the largest of all Asian countries, occupies nearly the entire East Asian landmass and covers approximately one-fourteenth of the land area of Earth, making it almost as large as the whole of Europe. As a native of the Levant, Haddad uniquely was positioned to have been aware, as well, of the common practices surrounding these figures between local communities of Muslims, Christians, Jews, and others. South and East Asian countries are home to religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism. The second and third major features that have affected the geography of the Levant are related to water. Georgic Cults and Saints of the Levant. In, Knott, Kim. ), and Ming (1368-1644 C.E.). That suggests that we in religious studies need better to recognize regional specificity even for global religions and that we need to recognize the existence of regionally specific relationships between religious traditions. If you want to understand the origins of yogic texts and practices within Hindu religious traditions, you must seek to contextualize their emergence by investigating the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali for the 4th-century CE religious, political, and geographical (relating to place) conditions that combined to influence their development. Twilight of the Saints: Everyday Religion in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Geography is far more important in the study of religions than is generally appreciated. Geography of Religion as a Method: Geographical Contextualization. Where did civilization begin. There are just too many topics cover! 2008. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The lens of geography, however, is far more useful in this instance than is that of world religions. Rather than searching within only the single silo of the religious tradition of Christianity in order to investigate in isolation the peculiar characteristics of St. George which results in precious little explanation using the lens of geography allows us to pan out, to investigate these same characteristics in other regional figures, across religious traditions, and across time, which helps explain not only the noteworthy and unusual characteristics of St. George, but also to identify developments and changes, as well as linkages and interconnections with other spatially and historically proximate religious traditions and figures, like Elijah and al-Khir, and even the ancient storm-god Baal-Hadad. Religion is a driving force in the lives of billions of people around the world. China has many natural barriers that affected the country's development and created four distinct regions. Why are most people in Arabia Muslim, while most people in North America are Christian? This lesser position is likely to reflect both Babylonian geography and agricultural practices: the storm-god as bringer of rain has no role in the agrarian rituals of Babylonia, where agriculture was characterized by irrigation (Schwemer 2007, 130-131). China has 33 administrative units directly under the central government; these consist of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities (Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), and 2 special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Green, Alberto R. W. 2003. Schwemer, Daniel. Influence of geography on language development can be of many types: 1. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The trauma of this external challenge became the catalyst for a revolution that began in the early 20th century against the old regime and culminated in the establishment of a communist government in 1949. Religious beliefs and ideas, symbols and practice, are naturally affected by the social and geographical conditions in which the theology is elaborated" (Hinnels 2010, 13). However, the political interest was more on internal land than water. geography affected trade because it had rivers mountains and lakes, which was geostrategic which made trade easier also, they had natural resources such as gold, and salt, which helps trade because people that was their main source for trade.it also had the desert which made travel harder and was harder for invaders to . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Why do dominant languages continue to spread around the world? Create a poster or chart that illustrates how religious differences and conflicts can play out. The Gobi Desert spans roughly 1,000 miles across central Asia and can be divided into five sub-regions: the Eastern Gobi Desert steppe, the Alashan plateau, the Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe, Dzungarian Basin semi-desert, and the Tian Shan range. Similarly, when the Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan accepted Islam, thousands of nomadic Turkic bands followed him into the faith. By resurrecting past wrongs, people conjure up a cycle of violence. 1993. Unit 9.3: Classical Civilizations has long vexed users of the New Visions Social Studies Curriculum. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Oftentimes, people with a shared heritage share cultural, religious, and ethnic characteristics. If a large group of immigrants emigrates to a new country, they will bring their culture with them to the new location. Environmental Determinism | What is Environmental Determinism, The Effects of Region & Geography on Language. In approximately three to four paragraphs, write an essay that explains the connection between religion and ethnicity. The Gobi Desert runs across the northern border of China and the southern border of Mongolia. Why do you think that people ignore Jesus?explain your answer.2. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. All of that, together with the regions water resources, of course, has affected the regional possibilities for the practice of agriculture. Over the centuries, provinces gained in importance as centres of political and economic authority and increasingly became the focus of regional identification and loyalty. 8 Why do dominant languages continue to spread around the world? How did geography affect religious events and development in the country? Indeed, despite the political and social upheavals that frequently have ravaged the country, China is unique among nations in its longevity and resilience as a discrete politico-cultural unit. An error occurred trying to load this video. Religious beliefs and ideas, symbols and practice, are naturally affected by the social and geographical conditions in which the theology is elaborated (Hinnels 2010, 13). The major seas in China are the East Sea, South Sea, and Yellow Sea. 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Both A and C is correct.THIS PART IS : FILL IN THE BLANK.3. - Religion has caused some of the biggest war in history, like World War 2. In general, the Eastern Mediterranean is arid, with rainfall totals decreasing from north to south and west to east, and with drought being a regular climatological condition. 20 chapters | As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Geography of Religion as A Theory: Geography Shapes Religion "Geography is far more important in the study of religions than is generally appreciated. Even when the country was penetrated by such barbarian peoples as the Manchu, these groups soon became largely absorbed into the fabric of Han Chinese culture. The island province of Taiwan, which has been under separate administration since 1949, is discussed in the article Taiwan. Central to Chinas long-enduring identity as a unitary country is the province, or sheng (secretariat). This manner of organization and study focuses on discrete, comprehensive traditions, and normative beliefs and practices (Knott 2010, 478). Today, a genocide is being carried out by Buddhists against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. This event is described in the Poetic Edda, an anonymous collection of Old Norse poetry that comes from the 13th-century Icelandic Codex Regius and represents our earliest-extant source of Norse mythology. Most Americans polled in 2022 expect to see a civil war within their lifetimes. Provincial power reached its peak in the first two decades of the 20th century, but, since the establishment of the Peoples Republic, that power has been curtailed by a strong central leadership in Beijing. place and space, on religious belief.. Another aspect of the relationship between religion and geography is religious geography, in which geographical ideas are influenced by religion, such as early map-making, and the biblical geography that developed in the 16th century to identify places from the Bible. Tolerance is the norm in places characterized by liberalism, but intolerance is the norm. And these motifs extend even further back in time. Why did geography study the spread of Christianity on a worldwide scale? Spencer, Allen. The Himalayan Mountains have the highest elevation in the world, with Mt. In China ownership of a map indicated sovereignty over the land it depicted. Agrarian religion in the Levant consists of a fine attunement to the essentially agrarian conditions of everyday existence; as much urban as it was rural, it was the expression of an entire social and economic order whose rhythms were tied to the slow turnings of the seasons, and finely attuned to the vagaries of earth, sky, and environment (Grehan 2014, 140 and 16). You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. To that end, and as compared with a traditional world religions paradigm, theories associated with the field of Geography of Religion represent a more-promising approach for understanding the ways in which locality and temporality inform religious phenomena. China's geography is very diverse. From small farming communities rose dynasties such as the Zhou (1046-256 B.C.E. Example: In some cases, religious identity and ethnic identity are combined. Now, with the forthcoming changes in the New York State Regents Exam and the skills students need to be prepared for that test, there is even less time to focus on the historical content presented in this unit. Humans respond and adapt to the conditions they encounter, developing patterns of behavior and customs to cope with dry deserts, arctic cold, high mountain ranges or the isolation of an island. I feel like its a lifeline. Oxford: Oxford University Press. It was the Silk Roads (land and maritime) that allowed many of the ideas and technological inventions of East Asian civilization paper, printing, gunpowder to reach the West, where their impact was profound. Geography, and the geological formations and climatological effects derived thereby, have a distinct shaping influence on the everyday lives of people who live in particular areas. In fact, many people think that religious diversity is healthy, making life more interesting and valuable. The biggest disadvantage is that it made trade more difficult between Ancient China and other early civilizations. Geography can influence the shaping of culture, religion, politics, and the economy of a country or a region. These religions emphasized the importance of living a simple and spiritual life, which was well suited to the harsh living conditions of the desert. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. One way of thinking of religions within this framework is as separate silos massive vertical worlds unto themselves, which do not intersect with other religious traditions. Geography does not only affect where particular religions or belief systems, such as the worlds major faiths, are located but it can affect how specific beliefs are practiced and behaviors that it encourages. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The Gobi Desert is very large and diverse in topography, which also makes its climate very different. Because Chinas population is so enormous, the population density of the country is also often thought to be uniformly high, but vast areas of China are either uninhabited or sparsely populated. Ancient China's geography affected its isolation. Trade contributed to the spread of Islamic culture and led to a growing feeling of internationalism. Much of Chinas cultural development has been accomplished with relatively little outside influence, the introduction of Buddhism from India constituting a major exception. God is the father,god is the son,and god is also _______.a. Early civilizations were often unified by religion a system of beliefs and behaviors that deal with the meaning of existence. It does not store any personal data. 2: 121168. Another way in which we can see the effects of geography on religious narratives, figures, motifs, metaphors, and structures in this example, in the area of the Levant is through the notion of agrarian religion, first identified and coined by James Grehan in his 2014 book, Twilight of the Saints: Everyday Religion in Ottoman Syria and Palestine (Grehan 2014). Its climate ranges from extremely dry, desertlike conditions in the northwest to tropical monsoon in the southeast, and China has the greatest contrast in temperature between its northern and southern borders of any country in the world. News and Interpretations on the Bible and Ancient Near East History. These two seas are also connected to each other by the Strait of Taiwan that runs along the small section of coastline between China and Taiwan. Thus, when Clovis was baptized as a Christian, it signified the conversion of all of the Franks. Map Showing the Location of the Seas off the Eastern Coast of China. Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley civilizations all developed near each other and could trade and influence one another. Agrarian religion in the Levant, in Grehans formulation, was driven by geographical influences and characterized by sacred sites, essential agricultural needs, shared religious culture, and saints and holy figures. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Supported by: 2007. This influence exists in a religious culture for as long as geography can be said to be the most influential factor impacting everyday life. The interaction of culture and geography is called human geography, which is the study of peoples language, religion, medicine, economics and entertainment and how these practices have been influenced by their location. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. In many North African and Middle Eastern countries, on the other hand, Islam is dominant. Time Geography Overview & Examples | What is Time Geography? Westerners have come to believe that religious differences do not necessarily undermine social order. What are the effects of religion to our culture? How did geography affect religious events and development in West Asia, in the Indian subcontinent, and in China 1 See answer Advertisement Advertisement garciajessa072 garciajessa072 Answer: it will affect their belief but still i don't know . In fact, since at least 1200 CE, agrarian communities of Jews, Christians, Muslims, and others in the Eastern Mediterranean largely have shared and sometimes conflated the figures of Jewish Elijah, Christian St. George, and Muslim al-Khir. Stump, Richard W. 2008. 1 (April): 21-39. According to Alberto R.W. In the river valley of the Yangtze River, which runs through the center of China, they experience all four seasons very distinctly. When he went out into the streets and saw sick, old, and dying people, he wanted to do something to change it. In addition to laws, social norms have a huge impact on religious practice. God.c. Ancient Civilization: China. If religion is a whole way of life, many people simply cannot imagine that different religions could coexist peacefully. However, it is important to note that Judaism is both a religious and an ethnic identity. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Instead, the three main rivers in the Levant the Orontes, the Litani, and the Jordan as well as smaller regional rivers and hundreds of far smaller, seasonal tributaries, together with a few surface lakes and the regional aquifers, have provided the water resources necessary for life in the Levant. These religions emphasized the importance of living in harmony with nature and the cycles of life, which was well suited to the agricultural way of life. The world religions paradigm is the theoretical framework from within which most of the investigations involving the popular Jewish, Christian, and Muslim figures of Elijah, St. George, and al-Khir have been undertaken. This desert runs across the northern border of China and the southern border of Mongolia. In northern and western Mesopotamia those areas characterized by rainfall agriculture and dry farming the storm-gods occupied positions of high importance within their panthea and often were perceived of as hot-tempered, fickle, and bellicose. Asad, Talal. Geographers study religions and their development based on the role that geography intersects with other important social components within a human geographic approach. 55. The holy spirit., what did the apostle of Jesus do which brought joy to many?, what do we need to do to understand and apply the teachings of jesus in our life., Why do we need to determine the cultural relativism in attaining the cultural understanding?. However, in the Eastern Mediterranean, where those figures originated, they share characteristics sometimes considered peculiar, or anomalous: in the Eastern Mediterranean region known as the Levant, similarities between these figures largely have revolved around the geographical and meteorological motifs of rain, storms, thunder, lightning, greenness, fertility, fecundity, the ability to appear and disappear, associations with mountains and other high places, local feast or celebration days of April 23, and the motif of vanquishing a dragon. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. How does geography affect society culture and trade? These then can be examined for evidence within them of contemporaneous religious, political, and geographical influences, helping to produce a picture of specific gods, religious figures, motifs, or metaphors that accounts for the intersections within them of time and place.

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